Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide and accounts for 12.5% of all new cancer cases per year globally, making it the most common type among women worldwide. Breastcancer.org.
Breastcancer.org.
There are many factors, but genetics plays a crucial role in the predisposition to the development of this disease, and understanding it is fundamental for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Genetic Factors
According to the World Health Organization, a family history of breast cancer increases the risk of developing it, but most women diagnosed do not have a known family history of the disease. Breast cancer (who.int) Cáncer de mama (who.int)
There are other factors such as: aging, obesity, harmful alcohol consumption, a history of radiation exposure, among others.
However, only between 5 and 10% of breast cancer cases are hereditary and caused by abnormal genes passed from parents to children. Breastcancer.org. Breastcancer.org.
The most common mutations
Dr. Omar Vizcaíno, Medical Director of BMI Access, indicates that most inherited breast cancer cases are associated with mutations in two genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. Omar Vizcaíno, Director Médico de BMI Access, indica que la mayoría de casos de cáncer de mama heredados están asociados a mutaciones en dos genes: BRCA1 y BRCA2.
"Women diagnosed with breast cancer who have a mutation in these genes often have a family history of breast, ovarian, and other types of cancer," explained Vizcaíno.
The National Cancer Institute of the United States states that women with mutations in BRCA1 have up to a 72% chance of developing breast cancer over their lifetime, while for BRCA2, the risk is up to 69%.
The identification of these mutations allows healthcare professionals to offer more effective surveillance and prevention options for at-risk individuals.
Prevalence in Latin America
In Latin America, the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise. According to the WHO, it is estimated that 55,000 women die annually from this disease in the region.
The lack of access to quality healthcare services and early detection programs contributes to this high figure.
For example, in countries like Brazil and Mexico, an increase in the incidence rate has been observed, where breast cancer is the most common among women.
The identification of genetic factors in these populations is key, as genetic characteristics can vary significantly between different ethnic groups.
Importance of early detection
Early detection of breast cancer is vital to improving survival rates. For that reason, Dr. Vizcaíno recommends a risk assessment and follow-up genetic counseling for women with a family history.
Mammography and breast self-examination are essential tools, but genetics also offer an additional advantage. That is why genetic counseling has become an important part of oncological care.
Patients who discover they have a mutation in a cancer-related gene can opt for preventive strategies, such as prophylactic mastectomies or hormonal treatments.
A point of reflection
Breast cancer is a public health problem that affects millions of women around the world.
Genetics plays a fundamental role in understanding this type of cancer, providing valuable information that can guide prevention and treatment decisions.
The identification of genetic mutations not only helps high-risk patients make informed decisions but also paves the way for new therapies and management approaches.
Remember, early detection allows you to take measures that can mean a high percentage of survival.
Every action you take today is a step towards a healthy future, don't minimize the risks, you still have time to take care of yourself.
At BMI, we promote healthy lifestyles and want prevention to be part of your medical routine. Our health plans cover this type of cancer, learn more at: Health Insurance - BMI International (bmicos.com) Seguros de Salud – BMI Internacional (bmicos.com)
